. Bulletin. Ethnology. Made of conch Shel ILLINOIS (l-e) Mexico clam and mussel shells (Venus, Mya, Anodon, Unio, etc.) served for cups and spoons, were hafted for scraping and digging, and worked up into fish- hooks, knives, and other minor imple- ments. The large conchs (Stronil:>ns, Cassis, Fulgur, etc.) were used as drink- ing vessels after the interior portions had been removed, <ind in Florida tliey were hafted as clubs and picks. In many sec- tions the thick walls were cut up to be shaped by tedious processes of scraping, grinding, and drilling with stone tools into celts, adzes,
. Bulletin. Ethnology. Made of conch Shel ILLINOIS (l-e) Mexico clam and mussel shells (Venus, Mya, Anodon, Unio, etc.) served for cups and spoons, were hafted for scraping and digging, and worked up into fish- hooks, knives, and other minor imple- ments. The large conchs (Stronil:>ns, Cassis, Fulgur, etc.) were used as drink- ing vessels after the interior portions had been removed, <ind in Florida tliey were hafted as clubs and picks. In many sec- tions the thick walls were cut up to be shaped by tedious processes of scraping, grinding, and drilling with stone tools into celts, adzes, gouges, scrapers, and plummets. Ornaments of shell were ex- ceedingly varied in form, and the clam, unio, conch, and many of the larger shells in the E., and like forms, and more especially the beautiful abalone (Hali- otis) of the Pacific coast, were cut up, trimmed, ground, and polished and per- forated for beads, pins, pendants, and breastplates or gorgets. The column of the conch was cut up into sections and ground down into rude beads. Much skill was shown in boring these, and cylinders 3 in. or more in length were perforated longitudinally by means of drills of un- known make. Along the Atlantic coast. Skin Cloak decorated with designs worked Out in Small Shells; Virginia Indians clam shells ( Venusmercenaria) were made into small cylindrical beads, which were- strung as necklaces and woven into belts, and in colonial times served as a medium of exchange (see }yampum). A most in- teresting exampleof the use of small shells for ornament is given bv Tylor (Internat. Archiv f. Ethnog., i, 215, 1888) and Bush- nell (Am. Anthr., IX, 38-39, 1907). It is a deerskin mantle, on which figures of a man and two quadru- peds, accompanied by a number of round figures, are worked in margi- nella shells. The specimen has been in English hands for upward of 250 tained by early colonists from the Pow- hatan Indians. Bivalve shells from the Pacific coast, and also possibly from the Gulf of
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectethnolo, bookyear1901
