. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Vol. 92, No. 1 February, 1947 THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETi: PUBLISHED BY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF PHENOCOPY PRODUCTION WITH MONOCHROMATIC ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION CLAUDE A. VILLEE 1 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., and Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. The term phenocopy was introduced by Goldschmidt (1935) to refer to forms, produced by some experimental procedure, whose appearance duplicates or copies the phenotype of some mutant or combinati
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Vol. 92, No. 1 February, 1947 THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETi: PUBLISHED BY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF PHENOCOPY PRODUCTION WITH MONOCHROMATIC ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION CLAUDE A. VILLEE 1 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., and Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. The term phenocopy was introduced by Goldschmidt (1935) to refer to forms, produced by some experimental procedure, whose appearance duplicates or copies the phenotype of some mutant or combination of mutants. The first experiments with phenocopy production were those of Standfuss (1896) who, by treating butterfly pupae with high or low temperatures, produced adults which resembled other geographic races. Phenocopies have been produced in Drosophila by high temperature (Goldschmidt, 1929, 1935; Plough and Ives, 1932, 1935; Child, Blanc, and Plough, 1940), low temperature (Gottschewski, 1934), X-rays (Friesen, 1936; Waddington, 1942; Villee, 1946a), chemical agents (Rapoport, 1939), visible light (Villee and Lavin, 1946), and ultraviolet light (Geigy, 1931; Eloff, 1939; Epsteins, 1939). Geigy irradiated only very early egg stages and obtained flies with abnormal abdomens, legs, and wings. Eloff was interested primarily in the effects of ultraviolet light on crossing-over but observed some wing abnormali- ties when late pupae were irradiated. Epsteins irradiated larvae and pupae and produced abnormal abdomen, hemithorax, the absence of the scutellum, and abnor- malities in the wings, chiefly scalloping of the distal and posterior edges of the wings. In none of these experiments was the intensity of the ultraviolet light measured. This study was undertaken to provide quantitative data of the effects of ultra- violet light on larval and pupal stages. It was originally planned to use both 2537 A and 2800 A light to see if the phenocopy-producing reactions could be ascribed
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
