. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . s (Fig. 202, sub;Fig. 203, /) are 35-70 /i high, 25-50 nbroad, hour-glass- or spool-shaped, much constricted in the middle. 3. Parenchyma (Fig. 202, p; Fig. 203, sch). The cells in the outerand middle layers are sharply polygonal with thin, finely-porous walls,which appear distinctly beaded in surface view. Compressed cells makeup the inner layers. 254 LEGUMES. Embryo (C). As noted by Bohmcr, the outer epidermal cells ofthe cotyledons are finely porous; these pores, howe
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . s (Fig. 202, sub;Fig. 203, /) are 35-70 /i high, 25-50 nbroad, hour-glass- or spool-shaped, much constricted in the middle. 3. Parenchyma (Fig. 202, p; Fig. 203, sch). The cells in the outerand middle layers are sharply polygonal with thin, finely-porous walls,which appear distinctly beaded in surface view. Compressed cells makeup the inner layers. 254 LEGUMES. Embryo (C). As noted by Bohmcr, the outer epidermal cells ofthe cotyledons are finely porous; these pores, however, are confinedto the radial walls and the edges of the tangential walls. The remainder of the cotyledons consists of Isodiametric cells withmuch swollen, porous walls, often 15-25 [i thick. This thickening isespecially marked at the angles. Ovoid alcurone grains up to 20 ji, oftencontaining large crjstalloids, are the only visible cell-contents. Starchis entirely absent. DIAGNOSIS. All the common lupines have high palisade cells (Fig. 202, suh)^geniculate in their inner portions, hour-glass-shaped subepidermal cells. Fk;. 203. ^ellow Lupine. Elements of spermo- Fig. 204. Yellow Lupine. Collen- derm in surface view, p palisade cells; / hour- chyma cells of cotyledon with aleu- glass cells (subepidermal layer) showing contour rone grains. /> porous wall. X300. of base and constriction; sch sjjongy paren- (Moellek.)chyma. X160. (MoELLER.) (suh) and thick-walled cotyledon cells containing aleurone grains (a/),but no starch. In the yellow lupine, the outer two-thirds of each palisade cell (, pal) is straight (distinction from blue lupine), and tlie inner genic-ulate portion often contains dark contents (distinction from whitelupine). The sharply polygonal cells in the outer layers of the paren-chyma of the spcrmoderm, as well as in the epidermis of the cotyle-dons, are distinctly porous (distinction from white lupine). BIBLIOGRAPHY. See General Bibliography, pp. 671-674
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