. Annals of medical history. tral circle and those in the transverse barabove it. The central circle of the diagramappears to represent the division of timeof the Anglo-Saxon sundial. On that in-strument the day of 24, hours was dividedinto eight tides. Each of these tides con-sisted of three hours of our present notationor two stundr of the Nordic reckoning. Thissystem was common to Northern Europeand only gradually gave way to the duo-decimal system which has since become uni-Ncrsal, but wliich was very early in vogue Kiihns edition, Vol. xv, p. 186. tij rb TTipl xiMW iTrTTOKyoaroDs VTroidvi
. Annals of medical history. tral circle and those in the transverse barabove it. The central circle of the diagramappears to represent the division of timeof the Anglo-Saxon sundial. On that in-strument the day of 24, hours was dividedinto eight tides. Each of these tides con-sisted of three hours of our present notationor two stundr of the Nordic reckoning. Thissystem was common to Northern Europeand only gradually gave way to the duo-decimal system which has since become uni-Ncrsal, but wliich was very early in vogue Kiihns edition, Vol. xv, p. 186. tij rb TTipl xiMW iTrTTOKyoaroDs VTroidviinaTa. An Unrecognized Anglo-Saxon Medical Text 147 in Southern Europe. We append (Fig. 5) adiagram of the Teutonic sundial. The horizontal bar above the centralcircle shows the name of Christ [Xp(icrTo)s]and certain signs together with a linear in- scription which appears to be an Irishogham. This ogham, if such it be, cannot beread intelligibly nor can we interpret theremaining signs. The general scheme of the physical and. BYRBfFERO DIAGRAM Fig. 5. The Teutonic sundial from details kindly supplied by Father JohnFletcher. Day-Night was divided into four divisions and eight tides. The divisionswere: Morgan, i tide; Dagmal, 3 tides; Efen, i tide; Nott, 3 tides. Eachtide (=three hours of modern notation) was divided into two stundr andthe first tide iiegan when the sun was ENE , In the insetByrhtferSs circle the orientation is not quite the same, the first tide, markedXps, begins NE instead of ENE. This disorientation was needed for theconcord of the physical and physiological fours which the diagram seeksto demonstrate. The Greek letters Xpj have taken the place of the runicletters which in the original Teutonic sundials marked the division betweenDay and Night. The letters on the SE radius of Byrhtfer5s circlestand perhaps for ter beatus, thrice blessed, and perhaps mark the perfor-mance of Mass which was, however, usually at 9 Otherwise Byrht-ferSs d
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