. Midwifery and the diseases of women : a descriptive and practical work : showing the superiority of water-treatment in menstruation and its disorders, chlorosis, leucorrhea, fluor albus, prolapsus uteri, hysteria, spinal diseases, and other weaknesses of females : in pregnancy and its diseases, abortion, uterine hemorrhage, and the general management of childbirth, nursing, etc., etc. : illustrated with numerous cases of treatment . ing in herpower to improve her general health; for always the morestrong and vigorous the patient at the time of labor, thebetter is her prospect in every respec


. Midwifery and the diseases of women : a descriptive and practical work : showing the superiority of water-treatment in menstruation and its disorders, chlorosis, leucorrhea, fluor albus, prolapsus uteri, hysteria, spinal diseases, and other weaknesses of females : in pregnancy and its diseases, abortion, uterine hemorrhage, and the general management of childbirth, nursing, etc., etc. : illustrated with numerous cases of treatment . ing in herpower to improve her general health; for always the morestrong and vigorous the patient at the time of labor, thebetter is her prospect in every respect. Suppose, too, itwere deemed necessary to reduce her system somewhattoward the close of pregnancy, how much better are absti-nence and fasting for that purpose than bleeding andcathartics ? It is a foolish practice to bleed or drug thesystem when we have always at hand so much bettermeans. .ETTER XXVI. MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. The Plaeenta, or After-Birth—The Membranes—Management of th? After-Birth—Rules for Extracting it—Of Flooding after DeliTery. In the preceding letter, I spoke of the first two stagesof labor. The last, which refers to the birth, or expulsionof the placenta and membranes, I now propose considering. First, I must say something of the nature and office ofwhat is termed the after-birth. The placenta, or after-birth, is of different forms in different animals. In the human subject, it is a flat, circular. THE PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL COXIER MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 273 body, about six inches in diameter, and about one inchand a half in thickness at the center, becoming thinnertoward the circumference. Usually in the center, butsometimes at or near the edge, we find the insertion ofthe funis, or umbilical cord, the vessels of which immedi-ately ramify in a divergent manner upon the surface of theorgan. Prom Dr. Maunsel, of Dublin, I make thr followingquotation, in regard to the office of this viscus: The uses of the placenta appear to be in some degreeanalogous


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