. Biology and man. Biology; Human beings. Europeans were learning through travel and trade that scurvy was due to the lack of something which soldiers and sailors and long-trail wanderers were unable to get. By about 1750 the Dutch, interested in the East Indies trade, and the British, with their expanding navy, had discovered that fresh fruit and fruit juices helped to keep their sailors well. But on long naval voyages scurvy continued to injure large numbers of the forces. The famous Captain John Cook, in his voyage around the world, man- aged to keep his crew in very good condition for over
. Biology and man. Biology; Human beings. Europeans were learning through travel and trade that scurvy was due to the lack of something which soldiers and sailors and long-trail wanderers were unable to get. By about 1750 the Dutch, interested in the East Indies trade, and the British, with their expanding navy, had discovered that fresh fruit and fruit juices helped to keep their sailors well. But on long naval voyages scurvy continued to injure large numbers of the forces. The famous Captain John Cook, in his voyage around the world, man- aged to keep his crew in very good condition for over three years through the use of lime-juice. For this achievement he received a medal from the Royal Admiralty in 1776. Within twenty years the use of lime-juice or lemon-juice became obligatory in all the ships of the British navy, with satisfactory results in preventing scurvy. That's how the British sailor became a limy. For over a hundred years nobody knew just what the connection is be- tween scurvy and lime-juice. Is it the citric Is it the oil of ;^ Is it the mineral salts ? Is it some of the other organic materials ? How Vitamins Were Discovered^ Ancient Chinese records describe a disease common among poor folks who managed somehow to exist on the very edge of starvation. This is the "beriberi" of the Far East. Beriberi prevailed in one situation or another in China and Japan until recent times. After Pasteur established his ''germ theory", beriberi was sus- pected of being an infectious disease. But as Oriental physicians learned to use European methods, they made sure experimentally that this is noi the BERIBERI, OR POLYNEURITIS, IN PIGEONS Growing pigeons fed only white, or "polished", rice and water lose appetite and weight. After a short period of time they lose control of their bodies and at times draw back their necks in typical polyneuritic fits. Such animals can be quickly re- stored to health by feeding them vit
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