. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. TYPES OK CRACOW.—Drawn by Viollat. also as the enemies of vernacular devel- Their own education forbade them to opment. The Catholic missionaries everywherehave opposed themselves to the cultiva- admire those harsh and powerful formsof speech of which the


. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning. TYPES OK CRACOW.—Drawn by Viollat. also as the enemies of vernacular devel- Their own education forbade them to opment. The Catholic missionaries everywherehave opposed themselves to the cultiva- admire those harsh and powerful formsof speech of which the barbarian nationswere in possession. In Poland, Latin, 777^5 SLAVS.—POLES. 175 reinforced by Catholicism, set itselfagainst the development of a nationalCatholic mis- literature. The earliest ef- sionaries oppose £ ^ ^ ^j^ Polish mind tOvernacular de- veiopment. express itsclf in literary forms were in Latin. At the universityof Cracow and a few other Polish centersLatin letters began to be cultivated fromthe fourteenth and fifteenth strong classicism was thus laid uponthe Polish genius at the start, and to thepresent day the national mind has notfreed itself from the influences to whichit was subjected in the first stages of itsdevelopment. Nevertheless, the nationalgenius has struggled for emancipationand has measu


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea