. The Canadian field-naturalist. 134 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 88. Figure 4. A secondary seepage adjacent to the stream flowing through the north part of the Swamp. near-surface aerated zone. This water cannot be repercolated Middle Springs water. The degree of dilution of the (probable) thermal mineral water by cold surface water is also not known (van Ever- dingen 1970). Van Everdingen (1970) has shown that there is a wide annual variation in the flow, temperature, and dissolved solids content of the water from the Upper Hot Spring and the Cave Spring. Table 1 shows the high sulfate
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 134 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 88. Figure 4. A secondary seepage adjacent to the stream flowing through the north part of the Swamp. near-surface aerated zone. This water cannot be repercolated Middle Springs water. The degree of dilution of the (probable) thermal mineral water by cold surface water is also not known (van Ever- dingen 1970). Van Everdingen (1970) has shown that there is a wide annual variation in the flow, temperature, and dissolved solids content of the water from the Upper Hot Spring and the Cave Spring. Table 1 shows the high sulfate ion content of the water flowing into the Swamp at the close of the annual low-water period, on April 28, 1971, that is indicative of water that has had prolonged subsurface flow. Sample 6, (Figure 1) has a sulfate ion content characteristic of the water from the hot springs, following the sudden increase in discharge about mid-May (van Everdingen 1970), and indicates that this water has a large proportion of surface or near-surface flow which is probably run-off from the slopes to the south of the Swamp, rather than spring water. The bicarbonate content of Sample 6 corresponds with the increase of this ion in the hot springs effluent during the period of high dilution. Sample 8 has the chemical characteristics of water that has had little or no surface flow. It is probably water from source 2, which may have flowed be- neath the road to its point of emergence in the Swamp. Haites (1959) reasoned that the tufa deposits at the orifices of the major springs have formed since the retreat of the Cordilleran ice, and that the present Table 1 — Sulfate, bicarbonate, and approximate dissolved oxygen content of water entering Middle Springs Swamp at several points, on April 28, 1971. Samples 1 and 2 were col- lected at the source of the streams entering the Swamp. Samples 3 to 8 were collected at the points shown in Figure 1. The samples were analysed by the Analytical Laboratory, E
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