. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . film of the metal associated with the foreign sub- * Tlie author huh;l)letl for tlie discussion on pj). 270 27t) to Mr. J. W. Mellors work, The Crys-tallization of Iron and Steel, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1905. 270 STRENGTH OF THE RAIL 271 stance. This investing membrane separates the crystals of pure metal onefrom the other. Obviously, the mechanical and physical properties of the alloywill depend upon the character of the film. The mass of pure metal,
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . film of the metal associated with the foreign sub- * Tlie author huh;l)letl for tlie discussion on pj). 270 27t) to Mr. J. W. Mellors work, The Crys-tallization of Iron and Steel, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1905. 270 STRENGTH OF THE RAIL 271 stance. This investing membrane separates the crystals of pure metal onefrom the other. Obviously, the mechanical and physical properties of the alloywill depend upon the character of the film. The mass of pure metal, for example, may be quite ductile like gold, whilethe mass of metal with the impurity may be quite brittle, as Arnold * foundto be the case with an alloy of gold with .2 per cent of bismuth; and coppercontaining .5 per cent bismuth. A representation of the latter alloy is shownin Fig. 189. When such a metal is fractured, the line of fracture follows thejunction of the grains. Stead calls this ailment intergranular or intercrystalline weakness {inter,between). We have had examples. Arnolds work on the influence of bismuth.
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