. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. diameter, making it easy to dig the hole and plant the tree correctly. 2. It creates a porous, water-ab- sorbing condition in the subsoil that makes the tree drouth-proof, stopping the big, first year loss, and invigorates growth. 3. It makes root growdh easy and makes tons per acre of new plant food available, hence speeds up the growth of the tree and makes it fruit earlier. 4. It creates drainage and prevents stagnation of water on surface. 5. In old orchards that were planted by the old methods and have ceased to bear well, it is of great value in rejuvenatin
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. diameter, making it easy to dig the hole and plant the tree correctly. 2. It creates a porous, water-ab- sorbing condition in the subsoil that makes the tree drouth-proof, stopping the big, first year loss, and invigorates growth. 3. It makes root growdh easy and makes tons per acre of new plant food available, hence speeds up the growth of the tree and makes it fruit earlier. 4. It creates drainage and prevents stagnation of water on surface. 5. In old orchards that were planted by the old methods and have ceased to bear well, it is of great value in rejuvenating the old trees, causing them to yield heavily. G. It destroys fungus, nematode, and other orchard soil diseases, hence makes it possible to plant new orch- ards where old ones have been re- moved without waiting several years to rest the land and get rid of the dis- eases. In studying comparative costs of planting fruit trees, the investigator is confronted with widely varying fig- ures and methods. There seems to be no machine for planting fruit trees such as a corn drill, but the method of some planters approximates the work of a machine in speed, if not in effici- ency. They lay off the site of the proposed orchard in 20-ft. to 40-ft. checks, depending on the kind of trees to be planted. Cross furrows are plowed through the field, marking it off in squares. One man drives along a furrow with a wagon-load of trees, another lays a tree near each of the furrow inter- sections, and a third stands the tree in. Six-year-old tree planted in a blasted hole. can plant it only once, and its health and growth, the age at which it begins to bear, and the quantity and quality of fruit borne, depend chiefly on the care and thoroughness used in plant- ing ; Up to a few years ago, the method follow-ed by most good orchardists was to dig a hole seldom more than two feet in diameter and 18 inches deep, then plant the tree in top soil or a mixture of top soil and subsoil. Un- der this
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