. Canada; a descriptive text-book . ation in which only those can indulge who arewell established. In Southern Alberta, and to a smaller extent in several other parts ofthe territories, the chief business is ranching. Each raneher has from 4S CANADA. one to ten sections of land, or from 640 to 6,400 acres, usually wellwatered and covered with grass which makes good fodder both summerand winter. This grass is peculiar inasmuch as it dues not form a turflike that of other countries, but grows more in tufts. The closecropping of sheep is therefore very injurious, and sheep ranching is for-bidden
. Canada; a descriptive text-book . ation in which only those can indulge who arewell established. In Southern Alberta, and to a smaller extent in several other parts ofthe territories, the chief business is ranching. Each raneher has from 4S CANADA. one to ten sections of land, or from 640 to 6,400 acres, usually wellwatered and covered with grass which makes good fodder both summerand winter. This grass is peculiar inasmuch as it dues not form a turflike that of other countries, but grows more in tufts. The closecropping of sheep is therefore very injurious, and sheep ranching is for-bidden in Southern Alberta ; though in some other parts of the territorieslarge flocks of sheep are kept. Most of the ranches are owned byEnglishmen « rho had Some capital with which to begin, bul companiesusually operate the larger ones. The cattle and horses are branded with the stamp of their ownerand then allowed to roam at large on the plains. They remain out allwinter, and can live easily on the grass ; hut a certain amount of wild. hay is stacked every summer for use when a thaw is quickly followedby frost, as it is then very difficult for the cattle to get at the each year—in the spring and fall—there is what is called around up of all the cattle in each district. A certain number ofcowhoys are sent out from each ranch, and they gradually gather in toa central place all the wandering cattle or horses. Then the cowboysgo through the herd, cutting out the cattle of their own ranches,with their young. The brand is the means of identification, so thatcattle brands are of the utmost importance in the Northwest, and theman who fails to respect them must expect severe treatment if foundout. The cowboys and their ponies show remarkable skill in selectingand cutting out their own cattle. In this way the herd is gradually CANADA. 49 separated into various groups, and these are driven to their own ranches,while the cattle that have strayed in from other districts are all
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