. The rise and expansion of the British dominion in India. of order the great provmces whichhad been recently acquired. The investigation of land-tenures, the institution of an elementary police, the firstserious attempts to check the brigandage prevailing inour districts, the arrangement and supervision of thelocal courts of justice, took substantial form at thebeginning of this century; the roots of that immensesystem of organized government which has since spreadover all India were planted at this season of compara-tive tranquillity. The first five years of the nineteenthcentury were occupi
. The rise and expansion of the British dominion in India. of order the great provmces whichhad been recently acquired. The investigation of land-tenures, the institution of an elementary police, the firstserious attempts to check the brigandage prevailing inour districts, the arrangement and supervision of thelocal courts of justice, took substantial form at thebeginning of this century; the roots of that immensesystem of organized government which has since spreadover all India were planted at this season of compara-tive tranquillity. The first five years of the nineteenthcentury were occupied with continuous wars, with greatterritorial changes, with the removal of landmarks, andthe rearrangement of rulerships. But from that timeforward the country under British jurisdiction hasexperienced immunity from foreign invasion or seriousviolation of its frontier, and even (except in 1857) frominternal commotions. It may be questioned whether anyState in Asia or even in Europe has enjoyed during thesame period such complete political London: J^ihn j\ CHAPTER XVI THE GOVERNOR-GENERALSHIP OF LORD HASTINGS(1813-1823) Section I. Condition of Central India. Some attempt has already been made to explain theviews and circumstances under which, after LordWellesleys departure, the British government deter-mined to retire within its own administrative borders, totransact in future its political affairs upon the principleof limited liability, and to maintain, outside its actualobligations, the attitude of a placid spectator, unconcerned with the quarrels or misfortunes of his neighhours. It is a policy which from time immemoriala strong European State, placed in the midst of uncivilized rulers or races, has vainly endeavoured touphold. It appears at first to be simple and prudent,to be dictated by enlightened self-interest, and by publicmorality. Unfortunately it has hitherto invariably failedto do more than check or postpone for an interval thereally inevitabl
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