. Popular science monthly. ldren in the same school all of the same year-age(thirteen), some have done the work of the eight grades of the elemen-tary school and of one or two years of the high school, while others havenot completed the work of a single year. Still less competence atintellectual tasks could be found by including children from asylumsfor imbeciles and idiots. The differences thus found amongst individuals of the same sex andage are due in large measure to original, inborn characteristics of theintellectual and moral constitution of the individuals in question. Theyare, it is tr
. Popular science monthly. ldren in the same school all of the same year-age(thirteen), some have done the work of the eight grades of the elemen-tary school and of one or two years of the high school, while others havenot completed the work of a single year. Still less competence atintellectual tasks could be found by including children from asylumsfor imbeciles and idiots. The differences thus found amongst individuals of the same sex andage are due in large measure to original, inborn characteristics of theintellectual and moral constitution of the individuals in question. Theyare, it is true, in part due to differences in maturity—one thirteen-year-old being further advanced in development than another. They are 1A lecture given at Columbia University, in March, 1913. 126 TEE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY also due in part to differences in environment, circumstances, training—one sort of home-life being more favorable than another to progressthrough school, for example. Each advance in the study of individual. 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Examples done correctly in 15 minutes. Chart 1. The Relative Frequencies of Different Degrees of Ability inAddition in the Case of Fourth-grade Pupils. differences, however, shows that differences in maturity and differencesin the circumstances of nurture account for only a small fraction of thedifferences actually found in individuals of the same general environ-ment of an American city in 1900-1912. Long before a child begins 1= I percent
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