Essentials of United States history . came a royal province. 68. The Quakers.—George Fox, an English preacher, THE MIDDLE COLONIES 61 was the founder of a religious sect which came to -be knownas the society of Friends or Quakers. This last name wasgiven them by Justice Bennett, whom Fox, in the course ofhis trial before him, bade tremble at the word of the Quakers heldmany peculiar be-liefs which causedthem to be severelypersecuted. Theyrefused to serve inthe army or navy,would not paytithes, and main-tained that everyman was the equalof every otherman. In consid-eration of this lat-
Essentials of United States history . came a royal province. 68. The Quakers.—George Fox, an English preacher, THE MIDDLE COLONIES 61 was the founder of a religious sect which came to -be knownas the society of Friends or Quakers. This last name wasgiven them by Justice Bennett, whom Fox, in the course ofhis trial before him, bade tremble at the word of the Quakers heldmany peculiar be-liefs which causedthem to be severelypersecuted. Theyrefused to serve inthe army or navy,would not paytithes, and main-tained that everyman was the equalof every otherman. In consid-eration of this lat-ter assertion theykept on their hatsin the presence ofpersons in author-ity, not even ex-cepting the held the doc-trine that eachmans life shouldbe guided by aninner light. A few of these Friends were led into many ex-travagant and foolish deeds. The majority, however, weresincere, quiet, and peace-loving people, who could not be wonwith gifts, honors, offices, or places. The Quakers found their way to America, where they. The Middle Colonies. 62 ESSENTIALS OF UNITED STATES HISTnKY received anything but a cordial welcome. Several colonies,indeed, passed laws which made it a crime for captains togive the members of this new sect passage in their were banished, Hogged, imprisoned; but persecution„ E only made them more zealous, and they returned land perse- after banishment only to receive severer punish-cuted the ment. The Puritan rulers of Massachusetts wereQua ers. more ]iarsn m their treatment of the Quakers thanthose of any other colony and hanged four of them on BostonCommon. But the people of the Bay Colony, as a whole, werenot in sympathy with such extreme measures and the persecu-tion gradually died out as the spirit of liberty increased. 69. William Penn. — The cause of the much-abused Quak-ers wras warmly taken up by William Penn, who had becomea Friend while at college. His father, an English admiraland a standi friend of the Duke of York, r
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