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. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . ty, the HOLLY. 157 old hawthorn is the only playfellow of his boyhood thathas not chana^ed. His seniors are in the g^rave ; hiscontemporaries are scattered ; the hearths at which hefound a welcome are in the possession of those whoknow him not; the roads are altered; the houses re-built ; and the common trees have grown out of hisknowledge : but be it half a century or more, if manspare the old hawthorn, it is just the same—not alimb, hardly a twig, has altered from the picture thatmemory traces of
. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . ty, the HOLLY. 157 old hawthorn is the only playfellow of his boyhood thathas not chana^ed. His seniors are in the g^rave ; hiscontemporaries are scattered ; the hearths at which hefound a welcome are in the possession of those whoknow him not; the roads are altered; the houses re-built ; and the common trees have grown out of hisknowledge : but be it half a century or more, if manspare the old hawthorn, it is just the same—not alimb, hardly a twig, has altered from the picture thatmemory traces of his early years. The timber of the hawthorn is remarkably hard anddurable, and tit for very many purposes; but a sup-ply of large dimensions cannot be obtained rapidly, asthe tree grows so very slowly after attaining some size. There are several varieties of the hawthorn, allnatives of Europe. Of these the double-flowering hasgreat beauty as a shrub. 2. Holly.—Of the Holly (Ilex) there are sixteenspecies, and the varieties produced, distinguishedchiefly by the leaves, are very Ilex aqnifuliutn. 158 VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. The Common Holly (Ilex aquifoliura) is veryabundantly diffiised, being found in warm climates,and in cold,—in most countries of Europe, and inmany of Asia and America. Hollies are abundantin some of the uncultivated parts of the southerncounties of England ; and they are also to be met within the Highlands of Scotland, in places where onecould hardly suppose they had been planted. Were it not that the holly grows very slowly whenyoinig, and cannot be safely transplanted when it hasattained a considerable size, it would make betterhedge-rows than the hawthorn. When allowed time,and not destroyed by shortening the top-shoot, the-hoUy grows up to a large tree. Some at the Holly-walk, near Frensham, in Surrey, are mentioned byBradley, as havuig giown to the height of sixty feet;and old hollies of thirty and forty feet, with cleantrunks of considera
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