. A history of the United States. cs in England. — The English Roman Cath-olics were treated even more harshly than either the Sepa-ratists or the Puritans. Not only were they forced to payheavy fines, but any priest whocelebrated mass was threat-ened with death. Neverthe-less, influential Catholics werebefriended by both James Iand Charles I. Charles mar-ried a Catholic princess, Henri-etta Maria, daughter of thefamous Henry of Navarre, thefirst Bourbon king of France. Lord Baltimore. — One ofthe influential CathoHcs whomKing Charles chose to favorwas Sir George Calvert, usuallyknown by his t
. A history of the United States. cs in England. — The English Roman Cath-olics were treated even more harshly than either the Sepa-ratists or the Puritans. Not only were they forced to payheavy fines, but any priest whocelebrated mass was threat-ened with death. Neverthe-less, influential Catholics werebefriended by both James Iand Charles I. Charles mar-ried a Catholic princess, Henri-etta Maria, daughter of thefamous Henry of Navarre, thefirst Bourbon king of France. Lord Baltimore. — One ofthe influential CathoHcs whomKing Charles chose to favorwas Sir George Calvert, usuallyknown by his title of Lord Baltimore. To him the kingin 1632 gave 12,000 square miles of land on both sides ofChesapeake Bay. Baltimore was to pay the king one-fifth ofthe gold and silver which he mined, and was to send himevery year two Indian arrows in proof of loyalty. The regionwas named Mary Land in honor of the queen. Maryland. — Lord Baltimore expected to make Marylanda great family estate, but he also wished to use it as a refuge. Sir George Calvert, LordBaltimore 72 MARYLAND for persecuted Catholics. Although he died before carryingout his plan, his son Cecil, the second Lord Baltimore, putit into effect. He equipped an expedition at an expense of£40,000, equal to a million dollars now, placing it under theleadership of his younger brother Leonard. The first partyof emigrants was made up of about 20 country gentlemen,most of them Catholics, and about 200 artisans and laborers,chiefly Protestants. Two Jesuit priests joined the expeditionas it passed the Isle of Wight. The First Settlement. — The ships were three months onthe voyage, as they followed the older route through theWest Indies. They reached Maryland in the early spring of1634. Calvert chose as a site for his first settlement a longbluff near the mouth of the Potomac River. The Indianswho occupied it were glad to share even their huts and theirhalf-planted corn fields with the well-armed white men whomight defend t
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