. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. Long bone; C, internal cavity; , hard bone; , spongy bone. The skull; F., frontal bone; P., parietal bone; T., temporal bone ; SP., sphenoid bone; O., occipital bone; , superior maxillary (upper jaw) bone ; , inferior maxillary (lower jaw) bone. Internal Structure of a Long Bone. Laboratory Exercise. — A better under- standing may be gained of the internal structure of the long bone from observa- tions made, for example, on a long leg bone of a sheep (obtained fresh from the
. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. Long bone; C, internal cavity; , hard bone; , spongy bone. The skull; F., frontal bone; P., parietal bone; T., temporal bone ; SP., sphenoid bone; O., occipital bone; , superior maxillary (upper jaw) bone ; , inferior maxillary (lower jaw) bone. Internal Structure of a Long Bone. Laboratory Exercise. — A better under- standing may be gained of the internal structure of the long bone from observa- tions made, for example, on a long leg bone of a sheep (obtained fresh from the butcher). In such a bone, notice the rounded ends; these are covered during life by a layer of gristle (cartilage). Notice also the roughened projections (called processes) which serve for the at- tachment of muscles. What parts of the bone are provided with such projections ? In a bone cut lengthwise, notice that the outer surface is covered with a thin layer of connective tissue; this is called the periosteum. The periosteum permits of the entrance into the bone of blood vessels and nerves. It also forms bone from its inner surface. In cases of injurj^ the bone inside the periosteum ma}' be re- moved by a surgeon. New bony tissue will then be rebuilt by the periosteum. Notice also the difference between the end of the bone and the middle part or shaft. The entire outer layer is compact; the inner, spongy in structure. Where is the most compact mass of the bone? The. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hunter, George William, 1873-1948. New York, American book company
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