. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. 352 FRUIT-GROWING FRUIT-GROWING pruning; it is not unlikely that some of the cur- rent teaching is erroneous. Special risks. The great impediments and risks in the growing of fruits are these : (1) hard winters; (2) frosts; (3) insects; (4) plant diseases. To these must be added the climatic risks that are common to all agriculture, as too much or too little rainfall,. Fig. 502. Clean culture in a peach orcbaid. The Michigan type of tree. hail-storms, destr
. Cyclopedia of farm crops, a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada;. Farm produce; Agriculture. 352 FRUIT-GROWING FRUIT-GROWING pruning; it is not unlikely that some of the cur- rent teaching is erroneous. Special risks. The great impediments and risks in the growing of fruits are these : (1) hard winters; (2) frosts; (3) insects; (4) plant diseases. To these must be added the climatic risks that are common to all agriculture, as too much or too little rainfall,. Fig. 502. Clean culture in a peach orcbaid. The Michigan type of tree. hail-storms, destructive winds. Every experienced fruit-grower is aware of the mental attitude that he must take toward these four impediments, but for the novice these attitudes may be briefly stated. (1) Hard winters are beyond control; the fruit- grower calculates on this risk when he chooses the region in which he shall set his plantation; he chooses hardy varieties; he then endeavors to have his ground well drained, if he is in a cold climate, so that there is no standing water, to en- able the tree roots to strike deep, and to produce such a condition and depth of soil as will hold much moisture and thereby prevent dry-freezing ; he plans his tillage in such a way that the trees go into the winter with well-matured wood; in cer- tain orange-growing regions, slat sheds are built over the trees. (2) Light frosts may sometimes be prevented on small areas [see Vol. I, pp. 540, 589], but in general they are beyond control, and the grower calculates on the probability of them when he chooses the particular site or exposure of his plantation. (3, 4) For most insects and diseases there are now preventives, remedies, or even speci- fics; the grower keeps himself informed and armed ; it is a question largely of business organization, that takes in a situation and then brings to bear the means to meet it; reading a half-dozen books and all the special bulletins he can get is not too great a personal
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