. Natural history. Zoology. Fig. 65.—Gall-Flt (Cynips kolldri, Hart.). Slightly magniiietL few nervures visible on the fore-wings forming one large cell near the centre. The abdomen is short, slightly compressed, and much elevated. A common British species is figured. It is hardly necessary to remind Gall-Flies our readers that the principal ingredient in ink is obtained (Oallicoloi). from the galls of a Levantine species of Gynips. Some of our own galls are not unlike a cherry, or other fruit ; and there are foreign galls which are much larger and more tempting in appearance ; some of these a
. Natural history. Zoology. Fig. 65.—Gall-Flt (Cynips kolldri, Hart.). Slightly magniiietL few nervures visible on the fore-wings forming one large cell near the centre. The abdomen is short, slightly compressed, and much elevated. A common British species is figured. It is hardly necessary to remind Gall-Flies our readers that the principal ingredient in ink is obtained (Oallicoloi). from the galls of a Levantine species of Gynips. Some of our own galls are not unlike a cherry, or other fruit ; and there are foreign galls which are much larger and more tempting in appearance ; some of these are called " Apples of ; Many of the gall-flies appear at different seasons of the year in two different forms, one in which the sexes are separate, while the other consists exclusively of females, or rather of individuals capable of self-repro- duction. Sometimes one form is winged, and the other apterous and subterranean. It is needless to say that until their habits were discovered, the two broods were regarded as belonging not only to different species, bub to distinct genera. Another noteworthy circumstance relative to galls is their extreme liability to attacks of parasites. You may collect a very large quantity of some kinds of galls, and breed hmi- Gall-Parasites. dreds of specimens of different species of insects from them, and yet never obtain a specimen of the original gall-maker; all will be parasites, and not a few will be a small parasitic species of Gynipida. The Entomophaga, or truly parasitic groups of Hymenoptera, include the families Chalcididce; Proctotrypidce, Braconidce, Ichneumonidce and Evaniicke. The female usually pierces the body of the caterpillars, or other victims whiolr she attacks, with her ovipositor, and lodges an egg in each wound. In other cases, the eggs are deposited on the eggs or larvae of their victims. Eggs thus attacked never hatch; but ichneumoned larvse generally attain their full growth, and then die, when the larva
Size: 1566px × 1595px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorly, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectzoology
