A text-book of physiology, for medical students and physicians . Fig. 34.— Schema to tihaw the unipolar method of stimulation in man. The anode,+, IH r- ented aa t i •»; Stimulating pole, applied over t lie median nerve. The cathode, —, ia the indifferent pole. t covered with cotton or chamois skin kept moistened with a dilutesaline solution. Motor Points.—By means of the unipolar method nearly everyvoluntary muscle of the body may be stimulated separately. All THE PHENOMENON OF CONDUCTION. 93 that is necessary, when the induced current is used, is to bring theactive electrode as nearly
A text-book of physiology, for medical students and physicians . Fig. 34.— Schema to tihaw the unipolar method of stimulation in man. The anode,+, IH r- ented aa t i •»; Stimulating pole, applied over t lie median nerve. The cathode, —, ia the indifferent pole. t covered with cotton or chamois skin kept moistened with a dilutesaline solution. Motor Points.—By means of the unipolar method nearly everyvoluntary muscle of the body may be stimulated separately. All THE PHENOMENON OF CONDUCTION. 93 that is necessary, when the induced current is used, is to bring theactive electrode as nearly as possible over the spot at which themuscle receives its motor branch. A diagram showing thesemotor points for the arm is given in Fig. 35. In the same way thenerves of the brachial plexus and other nerve trunks may bestimulated very readily through the skin. When the inductioncurrent is used no distinction is made between the cathodic andanodic effects. When, however, the battery current is employed U. flexor carpi ulnaris. tferv. musculacutaneuMM. biceps brachilM. brach. interacts Tvf, flexor digitor. suljliro. M. abductor pollic. opponens pollicis M. flex. poll. brev. M. adductor pollic, brtT- Fig. 35.—Motor points in upper extremity. one may make the stimulating electrode either anode or cathode,and under these circumstances a marked difference is observedin the strength of the current that it is necessary to use toget a response. With the battery or galvanic current, in fact,one may distinguish four stimuli, the closing and the open-ing shock when the stimulating electrode is cathode and theclosing and the opening shock when it is anode. The con-tractions resulting from these four stimuli are designated usuallyas follows: The cathoclol closing contraction, C C C; the cathodal 94 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE. opening contraction, C 0 C; the anodal closing contraction,ACC; and the anodal opening contraction, A O C. If the minimalamount of current ne
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