. Australian Garden and Field. July, lais THK (lARDEN AND FIELD. Dairying. — Churnability of Cream. — In an article, by ^ Cooper, Xnttall, and F'l-eak, of the Cooper Research Laboratory, dealing with the fat globules of milk, a number of investigations are described which were undertaktMi with the object of explaining the variations in the behaviour of cream in churn- ing. It ai)pears that the cream of Various breeds—and even the cream of individual cows—shows a per- sistent dif?erence in behaviour as regards the time required for churning and the amount of fat recovered in the form of
. Australian Garden and Field. July, lais THK (lARDEN AND FIELD. Dairying. — Churnability of Cream. — In an article, by ^ Cooper, Xnttall, and F'l-eak, of the Cooper Research Laboratory, dealing with the fat globules of milk, a number of investigations are described which were undertaktMi with the object of explaining the variations in the behaviour of cream in churn- ing. It ai)pears that the cream of Various breeds—and even the cream of individual cows—shows a per- sistent dif?erence in behaviour as regards the time required for churning and the amount of fat recovered in the form of butter. It appears that cream in which the average size of the globules is large gives the best results for butter making, whereas for cheese making the smaller globules give better re- sults, which confirms the experi- ence of practical men. An Insect Injurious to Stored Grain. The Grain Weevil (Calandra granaria). This is a small black or dark-brown beetle, averaging rather more than one-eighth of an inch in length. It is provided with a long smooth cylin- drical snout—that of the female being the longest. It has no wings under the wing-cases. The female bores a slight hole in the grain with her snout, deposits her eggs in the wheat or other grain (for almost all kinds are attacked), the tiny larva; are hatched, burrow into and through the corn, inside which they remain until full-grown, when they eat their way out. The per- fect beetles do even greater damage than tlie larxa-, loi- tliey, too, Iced on grain. When the attack is severe, the whole stock in a granary will some- times be destroyed l)efore tlic damage is observed, for the work is all car- ried on inside the shell of the grain, ami there is nothing to rouse the sus- picion tif the passer-by. The lime occupied between the pair- ing of the beetles and the hatching of the eggs is about forty days. Dur- ing warm weather this beetle breeds most rapidly, and it has been calcu- lated that during the summer one
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