. The Canadian field-naturalist. 686 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 110. 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 Greatest length of skull (mm) Figure 3. Bivariate position comparison of skull measure- ments (greatest length and zygomatic width) in a series of female Canis lupus arctos (n=7) and two malocclusive captive Arctic Wolves (RHl, RH2). + = series mean. of the recessive trait. If this was the case, the gene(s) would nevertheless still have been evident in the wild population prior to the hybridization event. Whether the trait was originally brought into the Arctic Wolf population through h
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 686 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 110. 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 Greatest length of skull (mm) Figure 3. Bivariate position comparison of skull measure- ments (greatest length and zygomatic width) in a series of female Canis lupus arctos (n=7) and two malocclusive captive Arctic Wolves (RHl, RH2). + = series mean. of the recessive trait. If this was the case, the gene(s) would nevertheless still have been evident in the wild population prior to the hybridization event. Whether the trait was originally brought into the Arctic Wolf population through hybridization or was always evident in the wild can only be speculated upon. Clutton-Brock et al. (1994) have suggested that recent changes in the skulls of Arctic Wolves, especially a reduction in size and change in shape, may be the result of interbreeding between Wolves and Dogs. However, Nowak (in press) has ques- tioned whether there have been any such changes. Should there indeed have been such changes, they may be due to subtle influences of the malocclusive ? /^\ E. 85 /^ y> 3 / ^+ / o ( \ .c \ / \ o o 80- o £ O) c ± m 75- o o> • RH2 > < 70 • RHl Maximum width across outer sides of crowns of P4 (mm) Figure 4. Bivariate position comparison of skull measure- ments (Alveolar length of toothrow and maximum width across outer sides of crowns of P4) in a series of female arctos (n=7) and two malocclusive cap- tive Arctic Wolves (RH1,RH2). + = series mean. trait, which may be multi-factorial in relation to effects on cranial dimensions (Figure 3 and 4). Although all of the abnormalities in the skulls of the captive females apparently resulted from the maloc- clusive condition, the extent to which factors involv- ing captivity may have influenced the skulls is unknown. The malocclusive trait may be inherent in other Wolf populations as well (Vila et al. 1993), although it may express itself more frequently under captive breeding conditions where inbreeding may
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