. Cooperative economic insect report. Beneficial insects; Insect pests. - 151 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES CORN GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze)) Economic Importance: This carataid causes serious losses to small grains in several areas of Europe. During 1931-32, larvae infested more than 40 districts in the Ukraine (USSR) and completely destroyed or severely injured crops over areas of about 18 and 27 square miles. More recently (1947-52), in Vojvodina, Serbia and eastern Croatia, Yugoslavia, 18,251 acres of wheat, barley and rye were destroyed. Up to 109 larvae
. Cooperative economic insect report. Beneficial insects; Insect pests. - 151 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES CORN GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze)) Economic Importance: This carataid causes serious losses to small grains in several areas of Europe. During 1931-32, larvae infested more than 40 districts in the Ukraine (USSR) and completely destroyed or severely injured crops over areas of about 18 and 27 square miles. More recently (1947-52), in Vojvodina, Serbia and eastern Croatia, Yugoslavia, 18,251 acres of wheat, barley and rye were destroyed. Up to 109 larvae per square foot were recorded in samples taken in the infested areas. Upon emergence in the spring, adults cause additional damage by feeding on the small grains before the grains ripen. Distribution: Recorded in Spain, France, England, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, USSR, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. Hosts: Small grains (wheat, barley, rye, oats) appear to be the most important cultivated crops. Has also been recorded on corn and beets, General Distribution of Zabrus tenebrioides Life History and Habits: Life history and habits as recorded in Yugoslavia are as follows: Oviposition begins as early as August, the date depending on soil humidity. Eggs are laid singly in small chambers in the upper 7 inches of soil, averaging from 40-80 per female. The oviposition period is extended because eggs do not all mature at the same time. Larvae hatch in 8-17 days, or longer at temperatures below ° F. Larvae may survive for 30-50 days without food. Larval feeding and development begin in late September and last for about 86 days in the laboratory, but up to 7 and one-half months in the field. Most larvae overwinter in first or second instar, ceasing to feed but continuing to molt. Pupation takes place in oval chambers in the soil in April or May and lasts for 12-20 days, depending on the temperature.
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