. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. le is so easily recognised as by that of their bridges. Latterly, inthis country, the division of science as well as labour has so changed, that it seems almostnecessary to refer to other works for knowledge on this subject ; but as this is one in whicharchitecture in all its branches must be considered, we shall here, as in the other sectionsof this work relating to the point in (]uestion, treat it in such manner as to give thereader some notion of
. An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, & practical. New ed., rev., portions rewritten, and with additions by Wyatt Papworth. le is so easily recognised as by that of their bridges. Latterly, inthis country, the division of science as well as labour has so changed, that it seems almostnecessary to refer to other works for knowledge on this subject ; but as this is one in whicharchitecture in all its branches must be considered, we shall here, as in the other sectionsof this work relating to the point in (]uestion, treat it in such manner as to give thereader some notion of the subject. The history of the bridges in every nation is connectedwith local causes, which have great influence on their construction; and though in otherrespects a nation may in the arts have attained a high jiitch of excellence, yet it is possiidet!iat in bridge bniUliug tlieir progress may be vi-ry limited as respects science. Ilie matter Chat. II ROMAN. 91 will dipcnd entirely on the nature of tlie country. In our view of Grecian ArchitectuT««tliis sul)ject has not been even mentioned, and it is nearly certain that Greece boasts uo. PLAN AND VIEW OP THE ARCH OF CUNSTANTINB. bridge whose date is anterior to its occupation by the Romans. But, independent of itswant of acquaintance with the arch, the circumstance may be accoinited for by tlie countrynot being intersected by any river of magnitude. Those to wliich one miglit be inclinedto attach the name of river, are rather mountain torrents tlian sheets of water rolling theirstreams down to tlie ocean. A single arch in most cases would be ail that was necessaryto connect opposite banks, and the rocks themselves would form abutments for the singlearch that was to connect them, without danger of failure. 222. In Italy, liowever, a country watered by many and considerable rivers, the study of thearchitecture of l)ri(lges was indisjiensable, as well for the accommodation of tlie cities withwliich it abounded, as for the serv
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