fenian prisoners at dublin brought out of the lower castle yard on their way to mountjoy prison Fenian raids
Fenian raids were attacks by members of the Fenian Brotherhood based in the United States on British army forts, customs posts and other targets in Canada in order to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland, between 1866 and 1871. Most of the raids were successfully repelled by British forces and local militias. They divided many Catholic Irish-Canadians, many of whom were torn between loyalty to their new home and sympathy for the aims of the Fenians. The Protestant Irish were generally loyal to Britain and fought with the Orange Order against the Fenians. While the authorities arrested the men and confiscated their arms afterwards, there is speculation that many in government had turned a blind eye to the preparations for the invasion, angered at actions that could be construed as British assistance to the Confederacy during the American Civil War. There were five Fenian raids of was designed by military engineer Joshua Jebb and opened in 1850. Mountjoy was originally intended as the first stop for men sentenced to transportation, where they would spend a period in separate confinement and then be transferred to Spike Island before being transported to Van Diemen's Land. Some Irish leaders during the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War were held there. Kevin Barry was among those executed at the prison. On 31 October 1973, it was the scene of a spectacular escape by helicopter by three Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners, including Seamus Twomey and O'Hagan. Mountjoy Prison (Irish: Príosún Mhuinseo) (founded as Mountjoy Gaol), nicknamed The Joy, is a closed, medium security prison located in Phibsboro in the centre of Dublin, Ireland. The current prison governor is John Lonergan. A former governor was Charles Arthur Munro, brother of the Edwardian satirist Saki
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