The Rotas Square (or Sator Square) is a word square containing a Latin palindrome. By repositioning the letters around the central letter Ν, a Greek cross can be made that reads Pater Noster (Latin for 'Our Father', the first two words of the Lord's Prayer) both vertically and horizontally. The remaining letters – two each of A and O – can be taken to represent the concept of Alpha and Omega, a reference in Christianity to the omnipresence of God. The square was likely used as a covert symbol for early Christians to express their presence to each other.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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