. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] SAUK 477 persistent in this matter; theyhad prophets in the camp of the Sauk preaching restora- tion of the old hunting grounds, the return of the game, and the sudden miraculous destruction of the whites; but when hos- tilities began, their chief, Shabonee(q. v.), was the iirst to warn the whites against the Sauk. Among the Sauk at this time was an able man of the Thunder clan known to the whites under the name of Black Hawk (q. v.). He was not a chief, but had gained a good record for bravery and leadership in war. He was deeply religious, and thorouglily |)a
. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] SAUK 477 persistent in this matter; theyhad prophets in the camp of the Sauk preaching restora- tion of the old hunting grounds, the return of the game, and the sudden miraculous destruction of the whites; but when hos- tilities began, their chief, Shabonee(q. v.), was the iirst to warn the whites against the Sauk. Among the Sauk at this time was an able man of the Thunder clan known to the whites under the name of Black Hawk (q. v.). He was not a chief, but had gained a good record for bravery and leadership in war. He was deeply religious, and thorouglily |)atriotic. He had fought under Tecumseh and had be- come iml)ued with some of the ideas of the great Shawnee. About this man rallied the hostile Sauk. He first tried holding the Sauk in check until he could. SAUK WOMAN count on the combined help of the Kick- apoo and Foxes, but the fighting got un- der way before he was ready. The Sauk were thoroughly beaten, and sought refuge among the Foxes in Iowa. Con- siderable resentment was felt against the Winnebago for having delivered Black Hawk over to the whites when he had come to them seeking refuge; and the same feeling was entertained toward the Potawatomi for going over to the whites. For some time previous to this trouble there had been intimate relationship between the Sauk and these two tribes. This conflict practically broke the power of the Sauk and Foxes. They united again in low'a, this time to avenge them- selves against the Sioux, Omaha, and Menominee, whom they chastised in lively fashion, but not enough to satisfy their desires. So constantly harassed were the Sioux that they finally left Iowa alto- gether, and the Menominee withdrew northward where they continued to re- main. In 1837 the Sauk and Foxes made the last of their various cessions of Iowa lands, and were given in exchange a tract across the Missouri in Kansas. Here they remained practically as one people for about 20 years. But internal dissen- sions, due l
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