Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . is group includes the muscles known surgically as the com-plexus, in the region of the neck, the semispinales, extending r**w :,;«r, Fig. 127.—The erector spinte.(Gerrish.) Fig. 128.—The oblique extensors.(Gerrish.) through the cervical and thoracic regions, the multifidus, the wholelength of the spine, and the rotators, in the chest region. They liebeneath the erector spina; in the hollow seen on each side of themedian line (Fig. 129). QUADRATUS LUMBORUM 217 Origin.—The transverse processes of the vertebra;. Insertion.—The
Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . is group includes the muscles known surgically as the com-plexus, in the region of the neck, the semispinales, extending r**w :,;«r, Fig. 127.—The erector spinte.(Gerrish.) Fig. 128.—The oblique extensors.(Gerrish.) through the cervical and thoracic regions, the multifidus, the wholelength of the spine, and the rotators, in the chest region. They liebeneath the erector spina; in the hollow seen on each side of themedian line (Fig. 129). QUADRATUS LUMBORUM 217 Origin.—The transverse processes of the vertebra;. Insertion.—The spinous processes of the vertebrae a little abovethe origin. Structure.—The fibers pass obliquely upward and inward fromthe origin to a spinous process, usually four or five vertebra above. Action.—The pull is downward and to a less extent sidewise,making the main action extension with some rotary effect whenthe muscles of one side act alone. Like the erector, the fibers ofdifferent levels can act separately, localizing the movement in acertain Fig. 129.—Inclining trunk forward, showing the erector spinse and the gluteusmaximus in action: E, erector spina?; G, gluteus. QUADRATUS LUMBORUM. The four-sided muscle of the loins is a flat sheet of fibers oneach side of the spinal column beneath the iliocostalis. Origin.—The crest of the ilium, the iliosacral ligament, and thetransverse processes of the lower four lumbar vertebrae. 218 MOVEMENTS OF THE SPINAL COLUMN Insertion.—The transverse processes of the upper two lumbarvertebrae and the lower border of the last rib. Structure.—A flat sheet of fibers directed mainly in a verticaldirection. Action.—The downward pull tends to depress the twelfth rib,and when one muscle acts alone, to flex the trunk laterally. Itwill also tend to extend the spinal column, since the attachmentsare behind the axes of movement of the several vertebral is too deeply placed to admit of study on the living body. FU
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