. Birds. Birds. JTHTTA. 457 tail brown; primaries whity-brown, white towards the base, the' tips of all, the outer borders of the first five, and the greater part of the first dark brown; secondaries creamy-white, each with a subterminal brown bar and white tip ; tertiaries and most of the wing-coverts greyish brown, the coverts near the edge of the wing, sides of body, and sides of back at the junction of the wings, under wing-coverts, and axillaries white; lower plumage- from breast to under tail-coverts glossy brownish black, browner in the middle of the Fig. 120.—Bill of N. rufcn
. Birds. Birds. JTHTTA. 457 tail brown; primaries whity-brown, white towards the base, the' tips of all, the outer borders of the first five, and the greater part of the first dark brown; secondaries creamy-white, each with a subterminal brown bar and white tip ; tertiaries and most of the wing-coverts greyish brown, the coverts near the edge of the wing, sides of body, and sides of back at the junction of the wings, under wing-coverts, and axillaries white; lower plumage- from breast to under tail-coverts glossy brownish black, browner in the middle of the Fig. 120.—Bill of N. rufcna. 4. Female almost uniform greyish brown above, scapulars rather paler; tail and quills as in male, except that the secondaries are greyish white ; sides of head below eye and of neck, chin, throat, and all lower parts whitish. This bird may be known from females of other Pochards occurring in India by having the lower surface white throughout. The adult male has the bill vermihon red, the nail whitish or pink; irides reddish brown; legs and feet orange-red. Females and young males have the bill black, reddish or orange towards the tip ; irides brown; legs brownish orange to yellow. Length of male 21; tail 3; wing 10-5; tarsus 1'75; bill from^ gape 2'25. Temales are slightly smaller. Distribution. This Pochard breeds in Southern Europe, Northern Africa, the neighbourhood of the Black and Caspian Seas, Persia^ and Eastern Turkestan, It is a winter visitor throughout Northern and Central India, but rare in the Deccan and farther south. Layard, however, believed he saw it in Ceylon. It is found in Assam and Manipur, but has only been recorded from Burma by Blyth, who quotes it, on unknown authority, from. Bhamo. Habits, drc. The Eed-crested Pochard appears in Northern India in the latter part of October or in November, and leaves about the end of March. It often arrives in very large flocks, but when, settled for the winter keeps usually in moderate sized or very small parties.
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