The Iron and steel magazine . fusion according to the formula of Person are proved W = 20 were correct, the carbon in fluid iron would be dis-solved as a molecule of 2 atoms, since only the most dilutesolutions lead to accurate results, while with increasing concen-tration the variation from the Rothmund formula , on the other hand, the carbon in fluid iron is dissolved as amolecule of 1 atom, the latent melting heat of iron must amountto about 40 calories. I // Etching Method S83 AN ETCHING METHOD FOR DETERMINING WHETHERSTEEL HAS BEEN MADE BY THE CRUCIBLE PROCESS * By
The Iron and steel magazine . fusion according to the formula of Person are proved W = 20 were correct, the carbon in fluid iron would be dis-solved as a molecule of 2 atoms, since only the most dilutesolutions lead to accurate results, while with increasing concen-tration the variation from the Rothmund formula , on the other hand, the carbon in fluid iron is dissolved as amolecule of 1 atom, the latent melting heat of iron must amountto about 40 calories. I // Etching Method S83 AN ETCHING METHOD FOR DETERMINING WHETHERSTEEL HAS BEEN MADE BY THE CRUCIBLE PROCESS * By JAMES A. AUPPERLE, Indianapolis, of E. C. Atkins & Co. TT has been the impression of many chemists that the siliconand oxygen determinations would indicate the differencebetween steel made by the crucible and other processes. While ordinarily the silicon is under per cent in open-hearth sheet steel, silicon can be added, and is added for steelcastings which will run as high as per cent Fig. 1 The matter of oxygen in steel was carefully investigatedat the research laboratory of the Illinois Steel Company, atSouth Chicago, and it was found that Bessemer steel thatcontained per cent oxygen before the addition of ferro-manganese, after adding the ferro-manganese the oxygen inthe finished steel was under * Received April 16, 1906. Written for The Iron and Steel Magazine. 384 The Iron and Steel Magazine The oxygen was determined by an elaborate method thatinvolved the use of three furnaces, and 15 grams of steel wereused in determination. The finished steel would average less than per centoxygen, and I believe these are maximum figures. Whilecrucible steel contains but a trace of oxgyen, the method forthe determination is too tedious for daily use in a steel workslaboratory, and the maximum amount in crucible and theminimum amount in Bessemer or open-hearth steel interlace,so that a declaration as to whether the steel is of crucible
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