The guardians of the Columbia, Mount Hood, Mount Adams and Mount St Helens . t. Mazama party exploring WhiteRiver glacier. Mount Hood. an area equal to a greatstate, with four hund-red miles of the undu-lating Cascade summitsand a dozen calm andradiant snow-peaks. TheColumbia winds almostat its foot, and a multi-tude of lakes, dammedby glacial moraines and lava dikes, nestle in its shadow. This view coversmore history, as Lyman points out, than that from any other of our its base the Indians hunted, fished and warred. Across its flank rolledthe great tide of Oregon immigration, in
The guardians of the Columbia, Mount Hood, Mount Adams and Mount St Helens . t. Mazama party exploring WhiteRiver glacier. Mount Hood. an area equal to a greatstate, with four hund-red miles of the undu-lating Cascade summitsand a dozen calm andradiant snow-peaks. TheColumbia winds almostat its foot, and a multi-tude of lakes, dammedby glacial moraines and lava dikes, nestle in its shadow. This view coversmore history, as Lyman points out, than that from any other of our its base the Indians hunted, fished and warred. Across its flank rolledthe great tide of Oregon immigration, in the days of the ox-team and settlerswagon. It has seen the building of two states. It now looks benignly downupon the prosperous agriculture and growing cities of the modern Columbiabasin, and no doubt contemplates with serenity the time v/hen its empire shall THE MOUNTAINS 83. Newton Clark glacier, east side of Mt. Hood, seen from Cooper Spur, with Mt. Jefferson fifty miles south. be one of the most populous as it is one of the most beautiful and fertile regionsin America. No wonder the shapely mountain lifts its head with pride! Returning to the glaciers of the north side, we note that all three end atan altitude close to six thousand feet. None of them has cut a deep, broadbed for itself like the great radiating canyons which dissect the Rainier NationalPark and protect its glaciers down to a level averaging four thousand , these glaciers lie up on the side of Mount Hood, in shallow beds whichthey no longer fill; and are banked between double and even tripple bordermoraines, showing successive advances and retreats of the glaciers. (See illus-tration, top of p. 59.) The larger moraines stand fifty to a hundred feetabove the present ice-streams, thus indicating the former glacier levels. Novegetation appears on these desolate rock and gravel di
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