Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . 70. - Dried grass fuel gatlierod ands, Slianghai. In the Shantung province, in Chihli and in Manchuria, milletstems, especially those of the great kaoliang or sorghum, areextensively used for fuel and for building as well as-for screens,fences and matting. At Mukden the kaoliang was selling as fuelat $ to $, Mexican, for a 100-bundle load of stalks, weigh-ing 7 catty to the bundle. The yield per acre of kaoliang fuelamounts to 5,600 pounds and the stalks are 8 to 12 feet long, so WOOD AND CHARCOAL 141 tha
Farmers of forty centuries; or, Permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan . 70. - Dried grass fuel gatlierod ands, Slianghai. In the Shantung province, in Chihli and in Manchuria, milletstems, especially those of the great kaoliang or sorghum, areextensively used for fuel and for building as well as-for screens,fences and matting. At Mukden the kaoliang was selling as fuelat $ to $, Mexican, for a 100-bundle load of stalks, weigh-ing 7 catty to the bundle. The yield per acre of kaoliang fuelamounts to 5,600 pounds and the stalks are 8 to 12 feet long, so WOOD AND CHARCOAL 141 that when carried on the backs of mules or horses the animalsare nearly hidden by the load. The price paid for plant stem fuelfrom agricultural crops, in different parts of China and Japan,ranged from $ to $, currency, per ton. The price ofanthracite coal at Nanking was $ per ton. Taking the weightof dry oak wood at 3,500 pounds per cord, the plant stem fuel,for equal weight, was selling at $ to $ 71. - Biirillf-H (if IvaoliiiMi/ fiif-l rxirnidtr hit) Kiflocliow market, .Slninfiing. Large amounts of wood are converted into charcoal in thesecountries and sent to market baled in rough matting, or in basket-work cases woven from small brush and holding 2 to 2| such wood is not converted into charcoal it is sawed into1- or 2-foot lengths, split and marketed tied in bundles. Along the Mukden-Antung railway in Manchuria fuel was alsobeing shipped in 4-foot lengths, in the form of cordwood. In Korea 142 THE FUEL PROBLEM caltlc were provided Avith a peculiar saddle for carryiDg wood in4-foot sticks laid blanket-fashion over the animal, extending fardown on their sides. As in most parts of China where we visited,the tree growth over the hills was generally scattering and thinon the ground wherever there was not individual ownership insmall holdings. Under and among the scattering pine there wereoak in many cases, but these were always small, ev
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