A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . THE ITALIAN COMMUNITIES. 37 and w4th them numbers of the city proletariat. He founded twenty-eight such colonies, not all of which, however, prospered. The penin-sula remained dependent for its supply of corn upon the transmarinepro\inces. The employment of slaves, the cultivation of gardens,pasturage, and production of oil and wine, continued its chief charac-teristics. Upper Italy had not suffered from the destructive forceselsewhere acting in the peninsula; slave-labor had not there driven outthe free d
A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . THE ITALIAN COMMUNITIES. 37 and w4th them numbers of the city proletariat. He founded twenty-eight such colonies, not all of which, however, prospered. The penin-sula remained dependent for its supply of corn upon the transmarinepro\inces. The employment of slaves, the cultivation of gardens,pasturage, and production of oil and wine, continued its chief charac-teristics. Upper Italy had not suffered from the destructive forceselsewhere acting in the peninsula; slave-labor had not there driven outthe free day-laborers and small farmers ; the people were very generallyengaged in agriculture, trade, and industry. With the accession ofthe emperors the country prospered greatly. Between the Alps and the. Fig. 4. — Temple at Pola. Apennines many flourishing cities arose, some of which have continuedto this day. On the Istrian coast the two excellent harbors of Tergesteand Pola (Fig. 4) were made colonies in 34. Pola became themost important port on the coast, rivalling Salona in Dalmatia, whichwas colonized in 27. With the advance of Roman supremacy overNoricum, Pannonia, and Dalmatia, Aquileia became the emporium ofthe northern trade, and down to the time of the Huns divided with theneighboring Altinum the importance which Venice inherited. On thewest came Patavium, the richest city of the Cisalpine country, where500 citizens attained the census of Roman knighthood. Cities like 81033 38 THE PRINCIFATE OF AUGUSTUS. Verona, Comum, Brixia (Brescia), and Bergomum, the fortresses ofCremona, Placentia, and farther on Ticinuni (Pavia), were importantfrom their position on the great mihtary roads of Upper Italy, Vercellae,Eporedia (Ivrea), and Augusta Praetoria (Aosta), were origi
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