. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. SAXIFRAGEAE 397 939. S, mutata L.—The flowers of this species secrete exposed nectar, and Stadler describes them as protandrous, though self-pollination is not excluded. The stamens at first move towards the centre, and later on away from it. 940. S. Burseriana L.—Kerner states that the flowers of this species are protogynous, but during the twelve days of anthesis the stamens move towards the centre, so that automatic self-poUination ultimately takes place.
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. SAXIFRAGEAE 397 939. S, mutata L.—The flowers of this species secrete exposed nectar, and Stadler describes them as protandrous, though self-pollination is not excluded. The stamens at first move towards the centre, and later on away from it. 940. S. Burseriana L.—Kerner states that the flowers of this species are protogynous, but during the twelve days of anthesis the stamens move towards the centre, so that automatic self-poUination ultimately takes place. 941. S. caesia L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 102-4; Engler, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvi, 1868.)—The blossoms of this species are fly flowers, secreting exposed nectar. Engler was the first to notice their protandry. Self-pollination is entirely prevented in the Alps. Visitors.—These are chiefly flies, of which Herm. Miiller observed 15 species in three days, besides 3 beetles, 3 Hymenoptera, and 3 B.~j Fig. 125. Saxi/raga caesia, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower in the first (male) stage (X4s). B. Flower in the middle of the same stage. C. Flower in the second (female) stage. 1-6, anthers; ^.filaments; 7Z, nectary; (7Z', ovules; ^, petals; .f, sepal; .s/, stigma. 942. S. exarata Vill. (=S. nervosa Lapeyr.). (Herm. Miiller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 104.)—The blossoms of this species are fly flowers secreting exposed nectar. Their mechanism essentially agrees with that of S. caesia. Here again self-pollination is prevented (in the Alps) by well-marked protandry. Visitors.—Herm. Miiller observed 4 species of flies and an ant. MacLeod saw a fossorial wasp and a hover-fly in the Pyrenees. 943. S. oppositifolia L. (Ricca, Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 1871; Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, 1888, pp. 29-33, ^^f- -^k. Overs., Kjoben- havn, 1886-7, p. 13; Herm. Miiller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 98-100.)—The flowers of this species are variously des
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