. Dental electro-therapeutics. Fig. 44.—Carbon and water electrode. patients hand must be immersed in the water and the palmof the hand pressed firmly on the covered carbon conductorat the bottom of the glass dish. This is always a com-fortable form of indifferent electrode, which patients appre-ciate, especially if pain is experienced by contact of otherforms of metal electrodes. The connecting cord from awater electrode should be rubber insulated copper Fig. 45.—Hand electrode. Another form of indifferent electrode quite well adaptedfor ionic medication consists of a nickel-plated met
. Dental electro-therapeutics. Fig. 44.—Carbon and water electrode. patients hand must be immersed in the water and the palmof the hand pressed firmly on the covered carbon conductorat the bottom of the glass dish. This is always a com-fortable form of indifferent electrode, which patients appre-ciate, especially if pain is experienced by contact of otherforms of metal electrodes. The connecting cord from awater electrode should be rubber insulated copper Fig. 45.—Hand electrode. Another form of indifferent electrode quite well adaptedfor ionic medication consists of a nickel-plated metal handlewhich the patient holds. This should have a moistenedsponge at the open end and should be covered with stock-inette or lint moistened with salt and water. It should notbe of brass or copper as sometimes made, and should be of ELECTRODES 109 the largest size displayed by makers. This form of electrodeis preferred by some patients, as they seem to like to holdon to something; the epidermis of the palm of the hand isthick and not usually sensitive to current of small amperagesuch as is usually recpiired for applications to periodontalmembrane. The chin electrode devised by the author consists of anickel-plated metallic plate which fits under the chin witha contact screw soldered to the middle and end pieces to
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