. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. 34 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. many plants the axis of the primary bud does not develop into internodea at all, or but partially in various degrees, ;i3 in the Trillium, Crocus, blood-root. Such stems seldom appear above ground, and are said to bo subterranean. 1G5. This fact makes a wide difference in the forms of stems, and naturally con- stitutes them into two great divisions, viz., the leaf-stem and the scale-stem. 166.
. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. 34 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. many plants the axis of the primary bud does not develop into internodea at all, or but partially in various degrees, ;i3 in the Trillium, Crocus, blood-root. Such stems seldom appear above ground, and are said to bo subterranean. 1G5. This fact makes a wide difference in the forms of stems, and naturally con- stitutes them into two great divisions, viz., the leaf-stem and the scale-stem. 166. The leaf-stems are those forms which, with intcrnodes fully developed, arise into the air crowned with leaves. The principal forms are the caulis, culm, trunk, caudex, vine. 167. The scale-stems are those forms which, with internodes par- tially or not at all developed, and generally bearing scales, which are undeveloped leaves, scarcely emerge from beneath the soil. They are the creeper and rhizoma (developed), the 'crown, tuber, corn and bulb (undeveloped).. 42. 8cale-9totn, (Dlcentra ciionllarla). 43, A flower of the same. 44, A flower of D. OanadsTists. 45, Leaf-stem (Cbiraaphila maculata). 168. The leap-stems are either herbaceous or woody. The herbaceous, whether arising from annual, biennial or perennial roots, bear fruit but one season and then perish at least down to the root, scarcely becoming woody ; as the ® mustard, © radish, and the % grasses. The woody leaf-stems survive the winter, and become firm and solid in texture in after years. 169. Caulis is a term generally applied to the annual leaf stems of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wood, Alphonso, 1810-1881. New York : A. S. Barnes & Burr
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