. Biological stains, a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy). into the usual biological stains, and only these need be considered here. They are as follows: BASIC CHROMOPHORES 1. The azo group, —X = N—, which is found in all azo dyes, of which methyl orange and Bismarck brown are well known ex- amples. In all these dyes, a benzene ring is attached to each nitrogen atom. All the dyes of this group may be looked upon as derivatives of azobenzene, X = X \/ 2. The azin group. N /j\ \l/ N which is found in phenazins. of w
. Biological stains, a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy). into the usual biological stains, and only these need be considered here. They are as follows: BASIC CHROMOPHORES 1. The azo group, —X = N—, which is found in all azo dyes, of which methyl orange and Bismarck brown are well known ex- amples. In all these dyes, a benzene ring is attached to each nitrogen atom. All the dyes of this group may be looked upon as derivatives of azobenzene, X = X \/ 2. The azin group. N /j\ \l/ N which is found in phenazins. of which neutral red and the safranins are good representatives. The skeleton formula of a safranin is: H,X X NHa X / \ in which x represents the negative ion of a monobasic acid such as hydrochloric, acetic, nitric or sulfuric. This chromophore is capable of variety of rearrangements of its valency bonds, as the bond between the two nitrogen atoms may disappear and the com- pound assume a quinoid structure, as for example the following grouping: /\ X /\_XH. 3. The indamin group, —X = , as observed in the indamins, thiazins, and so forth. Methylene blue is the best known repre- sentative of this group. In these dyes, two benzene rings are at- 17. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Conn, H. J. (Harold Joel), 1886-1975; Ambler, Joseph Alfred, 1889-; Kornhauser, S. I. (Sidney Isaac), 1887-1959; Mallory, Frank Burr, 1862-1941; Sharp, Lester W. (Lester Whyland), b. 1887. Geneva, N. Y. , The Commission
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