. Botany for beginners : an introduction to Mrs. Lincoln's Lectures on botany : for the use of common schools and the younger pupils of higher schools and academies. Botany. Ch. VII.} Figf. STEMS. 43. 156. Here is a mushroom, >r Toad- stool, with the cap. (Fig. 24, d) elevated by its stem or stipe (e). 157. Herbaceous stems usually die every year; in some cases, when the root lives more than one year, the stem is an- nual, as in the Tulip. 158. Woody stems are composed of tough fihres, as the oak, currant-bush, &c. Plants with woody stems are generally much longer lived than herbaceous
. Botany for beginners : an introduction to Mrs. Lincoln's Lectures on botany : for the use of common schools and the younger pupils of higher schools and academies. Botany. Ch. VII.} Figf. STEMS. 43. 156. Here is a mushroom, >r Toad- stool, with the cap. (Fig. 24, d) elevated by its stem or stipe (e). 157. Herbaceous stems usually die every year; in some cases, when the root lives more than one year, the stem is an- nual, as in the Tulip. 158. Woody stems are composed of tough fihres, as the oak, currant-bush, &c. Plants with woody stems are generally much longer lived than herbaceous plants. 159. Pithy stems, like the elder, are in their centre composed of a soft substance, called medulla, or marrow. Some stems are solid, as the Box; hollow, as the Onion; and corky, as the Cork tree. 160. The stem is either simple, or divided into branches. The divisions of the main stem are called branches ; the divi- sions of the branches are called branchlets, or boughs. 161. Branches sometimes grow without any regular order; sometimes they are opposite ; sometimes alternate ; and some- times, as in certain species of the pine, they form a series ot rings around the trunk. Some branches are erect, as in the pop- lar ; others are pendant, as in the willow ; some, as in the oak. form nearly a right angle with the trunk. 162. A remarkable phenomenon is described by travellers as being exhibited by the stems of the Banyan tree of India, called the Ficus Indicus; these stems throw out fibres, which de- scend and take root in the earth. In process of time, the stems become large trees ; and thus from one primitive root, is formed a little forest. The tree is called by various names; as the In- dian-God-tree, the arched-Fig-tree, &c. The Hindoos plant if near their temples, and in many cases the tree itself serves them for a temple. Milton speaks of this tree as the one from which Adam and Eve obtained leaves to form themselves garments; he says: 156. What is the stem of th
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