. The American fruit culturist. so diflers much inits life-history, as it winters in the grub stage in the soil. This quince pest can best be controlled by the jarringmethod, as described for the plum curculio. As quince treesare usually branched much lower than plum trees, it will benceesary to use lower curculio-catchers in collecting quincecurculio. The Grape Phylloxera (^Phylloxera vastatrix) is a small plant-louse, one form of which works on the roots, causing excres-cences on the smaller roots, and eventually killing suscepti- DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 197 Die varieties (Fig. 262); another fo
. The American fruit culturist. so diflers much inits life-history, as it winters in the grub stage in the soil. This quince pest can best be controlled by the jarringmethod, as described for the plum curculio. As quince treesare usually branched much lower than plum trees, it will benceesary to use lower curculio-catchers in collecting quincecurculio. The Grape Phylloxera (^Phylloxera vastatrix) is a small plant-louse, one form of which works on the roots, causing excres-cences on the smaller roots, and eventually killing suscepti- DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 197 Die varieties (Fig. 262); another form of the insect works onthe leaves, forming irregularities on the under sides. The in-sect has always existed on American wild vines, yet it wasnot until it had been introduced in Europe, where it haswrought incalculable damage, that it attracted attention as avine pest. It rarely does serious damage in this country, ex-cept in California, where European vines are grown. The use of American vines, either direct for the produc-. PlG. 262.—The Grape-vine Ph5lloxera. a, Root-galls ; b, enlarg-ement of same,showing- disposition of lice; c, root-gall louse, much enlarged. (U. S. Entomology.) tion of fruit or as stocks on which to graft susceptible Euro-pean and American varieties, has practically supplanted allother measures against the insect in most of the infestedvineyards of the world. Grape-vine Flea-Beetle {Haltica chalybea (Fig. 263).—This isa small shining beetle about one-sixth of an inch long, usuallyof a steel-blue color, but often varying from green to grape-growers have awakened some morning to find allof their prospective crop of grapes literally nipped in thebud by this pest. It has recently thus devastated hundreds ofacres of vineyards in the great grape-growing regions of NewYork. Sometimes the insect apparently attacks a certainvariety in preference to others, and it also works on the Vir-ginia creeper. After the beetles have satisfied their
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