. Europe in Africa in the nineteenth century . r, and to leave that country open to mission-aries and commerce, that the King of the Belgians proposedthis Congo Free State, under himself as its chief idea was accepted and approved, in 1878, at the BerlinConference; England, Denmark, Italy, Austria, Holland,Belgium, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and Norway gave in theiradhesion, while Germany, Portugal, and France seem tohave assented tacitly to the arrangement. By it all thesenations have equal rights in the Free State, but none havethe right to annex any of it. All have an equal right


. Europe in Africa in the nineteenth century . r, and to leave that country open to mission-aries and commerce, that the King of the Belgians proposedthis Congo Free State, under himself as its chief idea was accepted and approved, in 1878, at the BerlinConference; England, Denmark, Italy, Austria, Holland,Belgium, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and Norway gave in theiradhesion, while Germany, Portugal, and France seem tohave assented tacitly to the arrangement. By it all thesenations have equal rights in the Free State, but none havethe right to annex any of it. All have an equal right tonavigate the Congo, and to trade with the natives. Thecountry is governed, so far as any government can beapplied to it, by delegates, each nation that takes part inthe protectorate sending one to Brussels, and the King ofthe Belgians is the head of these delegates. That is, thishas been its government thus far. It is now proposed tomake the kingdom of Belgium sole ruler of the Free State. David Livingstone was born in Scotland in 1813. His. k LIVINGSTONE AND STANLEY. 12$ family had for generations cultivated a little farm in theisland of Ulva. The superfluous young men became sol-diers and sailors. All were distinguished for their upright-ness and honesty. Livingstones father, however, finding thatthe island farm could no longer support his family, movedto the neighborhood of some cotton mills in Lanarkshire,and David was put to work in the mill when of tenderyears. The first half-crown he earned he put, with delight,into his mothers lap. Very soon he saved up his penceand bought a Latin book, which he studied diligently, goingregularly to night-school, though working at the mill fromsunrise to sunset. Whenever the chance occurred, he tooklong walks with his brother in the country, looking out forhealing herbs and curiosities. He soon became an excel-lent Latin scholar, with a large store of general informa-tion. His father had religious scruples concerning scientificbooks,


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Keywords: ., bookauthorlatimere, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookyear1895