. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Fig. 50.—Mould and Flask in which Wheels are Cast. 144 AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. to break. There are some kinds of cast-iron produced in thiscountry which have the two quaHties combined, in a very remark-able degree; that is, they are ductile and tough, and will also f^g- 5 —Cast-iron Car Wheels. Wheel-founders also mix different qualities of irons to producewheels with the required strength, and which will resist wear;that is, they use a certain amount of hard white iron which willchill, with that
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Fig. 50.—Mould and Flask in which Wheels are Cast. 144 AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. to break. There are some kinds of cast-iron produced in thiscountry which have the two quaHties combined, in a very remark-able degree; that is, they are ductile and tough, and will also f^g- 5 —Cast-iron Car Wheels. Wheel-founders also mix different qualities of irons to producewheels with the required strength, and which will resist wear;that is, they use a certain amount of hard white iron which willchill, with that which is ductile and soft. By changing the propor-tions, any required amount of chill can be produced. The dangeris that iron which has little strength or ductility will be fortifiedwith hard chilling iron, and a very weak wheel will thus be the re-sult. Thousands of such wheels have been bought and used be-cause they are cheap, and many lamentable accidents are undoubt-edly due to this cause. To guard against this, car-wheels shouldalways be subjected to rigid tests and inspection. In Europe wheels are made of wrought-iron, with tires whichwere also made of the same material before the discovery of theimproved processes of manufacturing steel, but since then theyhave been made of the latter material. Owing to the breakageof a great many cast-iron whe
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