A complete handbook for the sanitary troops of the U S army and navy . s the same in principle as the low-pressure hot-water heating, only steam is used instead of water, and the pipesconstitute a closed system (Fig. 227 )• Radiators heated by either steam or hot water may be placed in theroom to be heated without any connection with the outside air; this isknown as the direct system; or they may be placed in the basementor some other room, enclosed in a sheet-iron box connected with afresh-air shaft, the warm air being then conducted to the room, theindirect system; or the radiator may be pla
A complete handbook for the sanitary troops of the U S army and navy . s the same in principle as the low-pressure hot-water heating, only steam is used instead of water, and the pipesconstitute a closed system (Fig. 227 )• Radiators heated by either steam or hot water may be placed in theroom to be heated without any connection with the outside air; this isknown as the direct system; or they may be placed in the basementor some other room, enclosed in a sheet-iron box connected with afresh-air shaft, the warm air being then conducted to the room, theindirect system; or the radiator may be placed in the room to beheated and the fresh air brought directly in under it and allowed topass up between the pipes so as to be warmed, the direct-indirectsystem; the last is that commonly used in hospitals and barracks(Fig. 228). 348 HYGIENE. POST AND CAMP SANITATION When no special arrangements have heen made for ventilation auseful and simple device is to place a strip of l)oard under the lowersash, so that air can enter between the sashes and be directed upward. Fig. 228.—Heating by Direct-Indirect Method. (Fig. 80) ; or to pull down the upper sash and place a board slopingdown over the opening left above (Fig. 81) ; air will enter betweenthe sashes and escape above. The best simple test of the efficiency of ventilation is to notice theodor on coming into the room from the outside air; if it is stufifyand close, ventilation is imperfect. CHAPTER III THE DISPOSAL OF WASTES The organic, dangerous wastes which it is necessary to dispose ofin such a manner as not to invite disease are night-soil (urine andfeces), slops, and garbage; the first is by far the most dangerous,containing, as it often does, the bacteria of disease. The arrange-ments for the reception of the night-soil may be pits, pans, or water-closets. Pits are the most objectionable because they pollute the soil, mayinfect the water supply, and permit the access of flies, which maycarry disease germs on their fe
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectfirstaidinillnessand
