Trailing and camping in Alaska . ry mansion with this valuable metal. If it be not bottled up by a railroad company thatis only interested in the development of its own prop-erties, that country is destined to produce the bulkof the copper used. Its copper zone extends east-ward through Wrangell mountains to White Riverand the White Horse countries; and westward to thecoast and the islands of Prince William Sound, andalong the Kenai and Alaska Peninsulas as far asChignik Bay. While the ores of the coast are of alower grade, generally being chalcopyrite, their ac-cessibility admits of their rap


Trailing and camping in Alaska . ry mansion with this valuable metal. If it be not bottled up by a railroad company thatis only interested in the development of its own prop-erties, that country is destined to produce the bulkof the copper used. Its copper zone extends east-ward through Wrangell mountains to White Riverand the White Horse countries; and westward to thecoast and the islands of Prince William Sound, andalong the Kenai and Alaska Peninsulas as far asChignik Bay. While the ores of the coast are of alower grade, generally being chalcopyrite, their ac-cessibility admits of their rapid development. Just below the Big Springs, I met Arizona Jack,the discoverer of the Bonanza mine, and I requestedhim to point out its location. Thar she are, he replied, just across the gla-cier thar! and by the eternal Pokie Moses, she hasntmoved an inch since I first found her! The trail descended alongside of the glacier, andthen led up over morainic hills, above where theKenekott River boils from beneath the glacier like Trailing and Camping in Alaska 265 an artesian well. Two more high summits werecrossed; two more lonely camps were made; theNizina River was forded and I was standing besidethe rich sluice boxes of the Chititu (Copper water).This is a very good gold-placer camp. From the source of the Nizina River, Rohn andMcNear started, in 1899, on tne reckless undertak-ing of crossing the Wrangell icefield—the most ex-tensive in the north—over to the Tanana. For fifteendays they traveled and slept on ice, ate frozen food,suffered with snow blindness, and wandered amongcrevasses, accomplishing in the end one of the mostdaring feats ever undertaken. The report of that journey was printed in thepublic document entitled, The Copper River Ex-ploring Expedition of 1899. Sharp mountain peaks stick out of that icefieldand on them can be found mountain sheep and ptar-migan. Its sixteen lobes of ice extend down to thevalleys and form the sources of as many rivers. For day


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