. Dangerous marine animals. Marine animals. DASYATID. UROLOPHID Fig. 32. Anatomical types of venom organs that are found in the various species of stingrays. (From Halstead and Bunker) Venom Apparatus of Stingrays. The venom apparatus, or sting, of stingrays is an integral part of the caudal, or tail, appendage. A study of stingrays reveals that there are four general anatomical types of venom organs which vary somewhat in their effectiveness as a defensive weapon. 1. Gymnurid type (Fig. 32, Top). This type is found in the butterfly rays (Gymnura). The sting is small, poorly developed, and sit
. Dangerous marine animals. Marine animals. DASYATID. UROLOPHID Fig. 32. Anatomical types of venom organs that are found in the various species of stingrays. (From Halstead and Bunker) Venom Apparatus of Stingrays. The venom apparatus, or sting, of stingrays is an integral part of the caudal, or tail, appendage. A study of stingrays reveals that there are four general anatomical types of venom organs which vary somewhat in their effectiveness as a defensive weapon. 1. Gymnurid type (Fig. 32, Top). This type is found in the butterfly rays (Gymnura). The sting is small, poorly developed, and situated close to the base of a short tail, making it a relatively feeble striking Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Halstead, Bruce W. Cambridge, Md. , Cornell Maritime Press
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