. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. 3o8 UNGULATA tions of these parts are most variously combined in different members of the group. It appears, however, extremely probable that they soon branched into two main types, represented in the present day by the Gervidce and the Bovidm,âotherwise the antlered and horned Euminants. Intermediate smaller branches produced the existing Musk-Deer and Giraffe, as well as the extinct HeUadotlierium inclining to the first^named group, and the extinct SivatJieriwn, Brahnatherium, Hydaspitherium, and others more allied to the
. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. 3o8 UNGULATA tions of these parts are most variously combined in different members of the group. It appears, however, extremely probable that they soon branched into two main types, represented in the present day by the Gervidce and the Bovidm,âotherwise the antlered and horned Euminants. Intermediate smaller branches produced the existing Musk-Deer and Giraffe, as well as the extinct HeUadotlierium inclining to the first^named group, and the extinct SivatJieriwn, Brahnatherium, Hydaspitherium, and others more allied to the latter, although upon the true relationship of these forms there is a difference of opinion. The earliest forms of true Pecora, as Palceomeryx, generally had no frontal appendages, and some few forms continue to the present day in a similar case. In the very large majority, however, either in both sexes or in the male only, a pair or occasionally two pairs (Tekaceros and the extinct Sivatherium) of processes are de- veloped from the frontal bones as weapons of offence and de- fence, these being almost always formed on one or other of two types. 1. " Antlers " ai-e outgrowths of true bone, covered during their growth with vascular, sensitive integument coated with short hair. When the growth of the antler is complete, the supply of blood to it ceases, the skin dies and peels off, leaving the bone bare and insensible, and after a time, by a process of absorption near the base, it becomes detached from the skull Fro. 119.âA shed right antler of the Red Deer a^nd is " shed " (Fig. 119). A <Ceâ¢is eiapTms), found in an Irish lake, a, Brow rtlOre Or leSS elonsated portion tine; &, beztine; c, trestine; (^, crown or royal ^ ic j* i jj i â tine. (After Owen.) '^^ pedicle always remains on the skull, from the summit of which a new antler is developed. In the greater number of exist- ing species of Deer this process is repeated with great regularity at th
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Keywords: ., bookauthorly, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectmammals
