. The arms of the Scottish bishoprics. seal—there are stronggrounds for belief that the diocese of St. Andrews cannotrightly lay claim to the arms at present in use. But, on the other hand, since from the time of Bishopde Landallis in 1371, the saltire of St. Andrew has beenused constantly, practically universally, by the pre-revolu-tion Bishops, in one way or another, either on seals in con-junction with the Apostle, or as a badge, or as a shield ofarms, its modern use by their successors, though perhapsnot strictly legal, can hardly be regarded as a very heinousoffence. If, however, at any t
. The arms of the Scottish bishoprics. seal—there are stronggrounds for belief that the diocese of St. Andrews cannotrightly lay claim to the arms at present in use. But, on the other hand, since from the time of Bishopde Landallis in 1371, the saltire of St. Andrew has beenused constantly, practically universally, by the pre-revolu-tion Bishops, in one way or another, either on seals in con-junction with the Apostle, or as a badge, or as a shield ofarms, its modern use by their successors, though perhapsnot strictly legal, can hardly be regarded as a very heinousoffence. If, however, at any time it should be decided to regu-larize, so to speak, the heraldry of the Church, it might bewell to revert to the device used by at least nineteen pre-revolution Bishops on their seals, namely, St. Andrew onhis cross. The shield might be blazoned thus:—Azure,the Apostle St. Andrew, vested of the field, surrounded by aradiation or, tied to his cross, argent. The arms in use at present are blazoned thus:— Azure, asaltire argent.^. CHAPTER V. Dunkeld. The arms of the diocese of Dunkeld—a Passion crossbetween two nails—are of comparatively modern origin. Abernethy and Dunkeld were probably early Columbansettlements from the parent house of lona. About themiddle of the ninth century, when the kingdoms of theScots and the Picts were united under the rule of KennethMacAIpin, the king built a new church at Dunkeld, trans-ferred some of the relics of St. Columba to it, and investedTuathal, Abbat of Dunkeld, as Bishop of Fortrenn, withthe primacy of the Pictish church. The translation of therelics from lona to Dunkeld was probably intended to implya transference of the primacy— the translation of therelics of St. Cuthbert from Lindesfarne to Durham. ThisBishop Tuathal is called Primus Episcopus, and DrDowden is of the opinion that this means that he was thefirst Bishop in point of time who exercised Episcopal juris-diction (The Celtic Church in Scotland) : we have alread
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