. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. lS6 Biology of the Vertebrates. Fig. 316. Branching re- spiratory barbules of the larva of an African toad, Xenopus. (After Bles.) expansive mantle of mollusks; and the compact lung-books of spiders. Among vertebrates may be added the remarkable respiratory tail of the goggle-eyed Periophthalmus of the Indo-Pacific mangrove swamps, a fish that can remain for hours out on land with only its highly vascular tail submerged in water. Finally there is an Antill
. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. lS6 Biology of the Vertebrates. Fig. 316. Branching re- spiratory barbules of the larva of an African toad, Xenopus. (After Bles.) expansive mantle of mollusks; and the compact lung-books of spiders. Among vertebrates may be added the remarkable respiratory tail of the goggle-eyed Periophthalmus of the Indo-Pacific mangrove swamps, a fish that can remain for hours out on land with only its highly vascular tail submerged in water. Finally there is an Antillean frog, Hylodes mar- tinensis, which undergoes its entire metamorpho- sis within the egg, likewise accomplishing breath- ing during this critical period by means of a broad respiratory allantois-like tail. It must not be forgotten, moreover, that in all reptiles, birds, and mammals, the allantois is provided as a temporary breathing organ during embryonic life. This highly vascular device for gas exchange is absorbed before hatching in the case of reptiles and birds, and in mammals is lost at birth with the placenta. The lungless salamanders which swallow air have a pharyngo-esopha- geal network that acts as an accessory respiratory contrivance to supple- ment the integument and gills, while the larva of the South American toad Xenopus (Fig. 316), possesses a kind of integumentary chin whiskers which, according to Bles, are respiratory in function. Certain fishes, Callichthys, Hypostomus, Doras, Misgurnus, and Cobitis, breathe by means of a vascu- lar rectum, alternately sucking in and squirting out water through the anus. Turtles in similar fashion uti- lize a pair of lateral cloacal sacs with capillary walls. The air-breathing labyrinthine fishes, Polycanthus, Osphromenus, Trichogaster, Macropodus, Ophioce- phalus, Clarias, and the East Indian climbing perch, Anabas (Fig. 317), have a peculiar enlargement of the gill cavity, behind the eyes and dorsal to the first and secon
Size: 2171px × 1152px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectanatomycomparative, booksubjectverte
