. Electric railway journal . factory. He points out that, in company substations,the field for the outdoor installations seems to be withthe small town where the load can be picked up alongthe route of the transmission system without consid-erable line extension. Where large municipalities are to be supplied withpower, it is usually desirable to install emergencyservice which requires more or less high-tensionswitching, and an indoor substation is usually desir-able. USES OF CONCRETE IN SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION Mr. Fullertons paper was well illustrated with pho-tographs of typical substations o
. Electric railway journal . factory. He points out that, in company substations,the field for the outdoor installations seems to be withthe small town where the load can be picked up alongthe route of the transmission system without consid-erable line extension. Where large municipalities are to be supplied withpower, it is usually desirable to install emergencyservice which requires more or less high-tensionswitching, and an indoor substation is usually desir-able. USES OF CONCRETE IN SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION Mr. Fullertons paper was well illustrated with pho-tographs of typical substations of various types andwith diagrams showing approved layouts of equip-ment. He recommended the use of concrete slabs forthe construction of small and moderate-sized substa-tions, as these slabs can be molded in the shop anderected with great rapidity. He describes a methodfor constructing concrete cells, busbars and usual method of building these cell structures isby erecting forms and pouring the concrete, using. Substations—Typical Substation Arrangement reinforcing rods where necessary. Mr. Fullerton hasfound difficulty in securing a uniform and smooth jobby this method and has digressed by building ex-panded-metal framework, plastering the concrete bodyupon it. The thickest portions are plastered threeinches thick. The scratch coat contains a small quan-tity of hair, the remaining coats being pure cementand sand. The finishing coat is of keen cement, whichgives a hard, white, smooth surface. In the finishingcoat, a small quantity of lime is used to make thecement work smoother. In the construction of theexpanded-metal framework, angles are used in theheavy barriers and small channels are riveted or tiedto these, the expanded metal being wired to this skel-eton framework. TWO RECENT SEMI-OUTDOOR SUBSTATIONS Under the title Outdoor Substations in New Eng-land, Fred L. Hunt describes two substations whichhave been built and put into operation by the AmherstPower Co
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