. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. Fig. 11 Underside of fourth toes of pes (anterior edge above), showing extent of lateral fringes of pointed scales and number of keels on subdigital lamellae, a. Fringes small, especially anteriorly, two keels distally (P. theobaldi). b. Large fringes, single keels (P. mystaceus). Bufoniceps andPhrynocephalus are discussed further elsewhere (Arnold, submitted). 38. Pars inferior of extracolumella. Large (0); small or absent (1) 39. Pharyngeal opening of middle ear. Large, length 15-25% of head length (0); distinctly reduced, length about 10-14%
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. Fig. 11 Underside of fourth toes of pes (anterior edge above), showing extent of lateral fringes of pointed scales and number of keels on subdigital lamellae, a. Fringes small, especially anteriorly, two keels distally (P. theobaldi). b. Large fringes, single keels (P. mystaceus). Bufoniceps andPhrynocephalus are discussed further elsewhere (Arnold, submitted). 38. Pars inferior of extracolumella. Large (0); small or absent (1) 39. Pharyngeal opening of middle ear. Large, length 15-25% of head length (0); distinctly reduced, length about 10-14% of head length (1); minute or absent (2). 40. Episterno-cleidomastoideus muscle present (Figure 12).Yes (0); very reduced (1); absent (2). 41. Episterno-cleidomastoideus muscle a single strap (Figure 12). Yes (0); with two branches (1). 42. Episterno-cleidmasoideus muscle extends anteriorly to occiput (Figure 12). No (0); yes (1). 43. Scapulodeltoideus muscle extends upwards immediately ante- rior to insertion of acromiotrapezius muscle on scapula. No (0); yes(l). 44. Origin of caecal artery on doral aorta (Figure 13). Anterior and close to mesenterica cranialis artery and well posterior to coeliac artery (0); close to and usually in front of coeliac artery, occasion- ally behind (1). The caecal artery, which arises from the dorsal aorta and sup- plies the intestine, exhibits interspecific variation in the position of its origin on the aorta, relative to the origins of the coeliac artery, which runs to the stomach, and the mesenterica cranialis artery, which like the caecal artery supplies the intestine (Henke, 1974). In at least someSitana andDraco, and inAcanthocercus, acromiotrapezius occiput. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Natural History Museum (London). Andover : Intercept
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