. The Diversity of the Seas: a regional approach. WCMC Biodiversity Series 4. . BLACK SEA Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS The Black Sea, which comprises a single LME, covers some 461,000 km2 in southeast Europe, approximately between 27-41°E and 41-47°N. It is relatively deep; most of it exceeds 500 m in depth and much of the central part reaches 2,000 m (max 2,212 m). There are extensive shallow water areas along the western and northern shores, in the latter particularly where the 15,000 km2 Sea of Azov is largely isolated from the rest of the Blac
. The Diversity of the Seas: a regional approach. WCMC Biodiversity Series 4. . BLACK SEA Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS The Black Sea, which comprises a single LME, covers some 461,000 km2 in southeast Europe, approximately between 27-41°E and 41-47°N. It is relatively deep; most of it exceeds 500 m in depth and much of the central part reaches 2,000 m (max 2,212 m). There are extensive shallow water areas along the western and northern shores, in the latter particularly where the 15,000 km2 Sea of Azov is largely isolated from the rest of the Black Sea by the Crimean Peninsula, and has a mean depth of only 8 m. The Black Sea is almost entirely landlocked but receives some inflow of saline water (and aquatic organisms) from the Mediterranean by way of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus Channel, which is 31 km long with an average width of only km. Major water input comes from a series of large rivers which flow into the northern and western parts of the Black Sea. These are the Danube, which contributes c 200 km3 of water annually, the Dnieper (c 54 km3 per year), Don (28 km3 per year, into the Sea of Azov), Kuban (13 km3) and Dniester (c 9 km3 per year). The waters of the Black Sea are horizontally separated (at around 150-200 m depth) by a permanent salinity boundary; the upper surface layer is oxygenated and had reduced salinity, the waters below this lack oxygen but are rich in hydrogen sulphide. Over 90% of the volume of the sea is therefore essentially without life apart from anaerobic bacteria. Inflow of water from the major river systems coupled with limited outflow have led to the Black Sea being nutrient-rich and highly productive, although of lower diversity than the adjacent Mediterranean. BIODIVERSITY Black Sea Regional Sea: biodiversity data endemic T % endemic T % seagrasses coral genera molluscs shrimps lobsters - 4 8 sharks - 0 - seabirds 0 6 0 cetaceans 0 6 2 sirenians 0 1 0 pinnipeds 1 1 17 6 0
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Keywords: ., bhlconsortium, bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, bookl
